نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استاد، گروه حقوق جزا و جرم شناسی، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.
2 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد حقوق جزا و جرم شناسی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، واحد چالوس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، چالوس، ایران
3 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق جزا و جرم شناسی، گروه حقوق جزا و جرم شناسی، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه علوم قضایی، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
The existence of independent criminal courts not only contributes to upholding the principle of the rule of law and the separation of powers but also prevents the executive and legislative bodies from exceeding the limits of their legal authority. This safeguard plays a pivotal role in protecting the fundamental rights and freedoms of citizens and warrants continuous emphasis under all circumstances. Particularly within the legal systems of Islamic countries, the principle of judicial independence has always attracted significant attention. In this context, Kosovo, Palestine, and Turkey—three jurisdictions characterized by distinct structural features and unique challenges in achieving judicial independence—have been selected as prominent case studies for this research. Employing a descriptive-analytical methodology and a comparative approach, the present article examines and analyzes the status, institutional framework, and challenges related to judicial independence in these three states. The findings reveal that Kosovo robustly supports judicial independence through the integration of human rights principles within its national and international legal instruments, especially as reflected in its constitution and the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. In Turkey, despite notable reforms aimed at enhancing judicial autonomy, significant obstacles persist, notably political interference and social pressures. Palestine faces substantial constraints on judicial independence due to the exceptional circumstances of foreign occupation and internal structural difficulties. This study concludes that although progress has been made in strengthening judicial independence across these countries, substantial reforms remain imperative. These include enhancing legal frameworks, reinforcing oversight mechanisms over judicial bodies, and countering political and external pressures to effectively realize genuine judicial independence in these jurisdictions.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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